Predictive control co-design for enhancing flexibility in residential housing with battery degradation

Buildings are responsible for about a quarter of global energy-related CO2 emissions. Consequently, the decarbonisation housing stock is essential in achieving net-zero carbon Global targets can be achieved through increased efficiency using energy generated by intermittent resources. The paper presents co-design framework simultaneous optimal design and operation residential buildings Model Predictive Control (MPC). capable explicitly taking into account operational constraints pushing system to its performance limits an integrated fashion. optimality criterion minimises cost considering time-varying electricity prices battery degradation. A case study illustrates potential enhancing flexibility self-sufficiency operating under different conditions. Specifically, numerical results from low-fidelity model show substantial emission reduction bill savings compared a-priori sizing approach.